var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// do a thing, possibly async, then…
if (/* everything turned out fine */) {
resolve("Stuff worked!");
}
else {
reject(Error("It broke"));
}
});
…但如果此過程發生錯誤，也要向用戶顯示。我們也想在那一點停止轉環，否則，它將不停地旋轉、眩暈并撞上其他 UI 控件。
當然，您不會使用 JavaScript 來提供故事，以 HTML 形式提供會更快，但是這種方式在處理 API 時很常見：多次提取數據，然后在全部完成后執行其他操作。
首先，讓我們從網絡中獲取數據：
對 XMLHttpRequest 執行 promise
舊 API 將更新為使用 promise，如有可能，采用后向兼容的方式。XMLHttpRequest 是主要候選對象，不過，我們可編寫一個作出 GET 請求的簡單函數：
function get(url) {
// Return a new promise.
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// Do the usual XHR stuff
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('GET', url);
req.onload = function() {
// This is called even on 404 etc
// so check the status
if (req.status == 200) {
// Resolve the promise with the response text
resolve(req.response);
}
else {
// Otherwise reject with the status text
// which will hopefully be a meaningful error
reject(Error(req.statusText));
}
};
// Handle network errors
req.onerror = function() {
reject(Error("Network Error"));
};
// Make the request
req.send();
});
}
var jsonPromise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// JSON.parse throws an error if you feed it some
// invalid JSON, so this implicitly rejects:
resolve(JSON.parse("This ain't JSON"));
});
jsonPromise.then(function(data) {
// This never happens:
console.log("It worked!", data);
}).catch(function(err) {
// Instead, this happens:
console.log("It failed!", err);
})
get('/').then(JSON.parse).then(function() {
// This never happens, '/' is an HTML page, not JSON
// so JSON.parse throws
console.log("It worked!", data);
}).catch(function(err) {
// Instead, this happens:
console.log("It failed!", err);
})
錯誤處理實踐
在我們的故事和章節中，我們可使用 catch 來向用戶顯示錯誤：
getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
return getJSON(story.chapterUrls[0]);
}).then(function(chapter1) {
addHtmlToPage(chapter1.html);
}).catch(function() {
addTextToPage("Failed to show chapter");
}).then(function() {
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
try {
var story = getJSONSync('story.json');
var chapter1 = getJSONSync(story.chapterUrls[0]);
addHtmlToPage(chapter1.html);
}
catch (e) {
addTextToPage("Failed to show chapter");
}
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none'
getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
addHtmlToPage(story.heading);
// TODO: for each url in story.chapterUrls, fetch & display
}).then(function() {
// And we're all done!
addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
// Catch any error that happened along the way
addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
// Always hide the spinner
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
但是我們如何遍歷章節的 URL 并按順序獲取呢？以下方法行不通：
story.chapterUrls.forEach(function(chapterUrl) {
// Fetch chapter
getJSON(chapterUrl).then(function(chapter) {
// and add it to the page
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
})
// Start off with a promise that always resolves
var sequence = Promise.resolve();
// Loop through our chapter urls
story.chapterUrls.forEach(function(chapterUrl) {
// Add these actions to the end of the sequence
sequence = sequence.then(function() {
return getJSON(chapterUrl);
}).then(function(chapter) {
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
})
// Loop through our chapter urls
story.chapterUrls.reduce(function(sequence, chapterUrl) {
// Add these actions to the end of the sequence
return sequence.then(function() {
return getJSON(chapterUrl);
}).then(function(chapter) {
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
}, Promise.resolve())
getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
addHtmlToPage(story.heading);
return story.chapterUrls.reduce(function(sequence, chapterUrl) {
// Once the last chapter's promise is done…
return sequence.then(function() {
// …fetch the next chapter
return getJSON(chapterUrl);
}).then(function(chapter) {
// and add it to the page
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
}, Promise.resolve());
}).then(function() {
// And we're all done!
addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
// Catch any error that happened along the way
addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
// Always hide the spinner
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
addHtmlToPage(story.heading);
// Take an array of promises and wait on them all
return Promise.all(
// Map our array of chapter urls to
// an array of chapter json promises
story.chapterUrls.map(getJSON)
);
}).then(function(chapters) {
// Now we have the chapters jsons in order! Loop through…
chapters.forEach(function(chapter) {
// …and add to the page
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
// catch any error that happened so far
addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
addHtmlToPage(story.heading);
// Map our array of chapter urls to
// an array of chapter json promises.
// This makes sure they all download parallel.
return story.chapterUrls.map(getJSON)
.reduce(function(sequence, chapterPromise) {
// Use reduce to chain the promises together,
// adding content to the page for each chapter
return sequence.then(function() {
// Wait for everything in the sequence so far,
// then wait for this chapter to arrive.
return chapterPromise;
}).then(function(chapter) {
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
});
}, Promise.resolve());
}).then(function() {
addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
// catch any error that happened along the way
addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
spawn(function *() {
try {
// 'yield' effectively does an async wait,
// returning the result of the promise
let story = yield getJSON('story.json');
addHtmlToPage(story.heading);
// Map our array of chapter urls to
// an array of chapter json promises.
// This makes sure they all download parallel.
let chapterPromises = story.chapterUrls.map(getJSON);
for (let chapterPromise of chapterPromises) {
// Wait for each chapter to be ready, then add it to the page
let chapter = yield chapterPromise;
addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
}
addTextToPage("All done");
}
catch (err) {
// try/catch just works, rejected promises are thrown here
addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})
